{"id":1506,"date":"2026-06-12T14:46:57","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T09:16:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darkorange-marten-320368.hostingersite.com\/?page_id=1506"},"modified":"2026-06-15T17:57:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:27:51","slug":"s-bangarappa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/madhubangarappa.com\/kn\/s-bangarappa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0c8e\u0cb8\u0ccd. \u0cac\u0c82\u0c97\u0cbe\u0cb0\u0caa\u0ccd\u0caa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#2b87da 0%|rgba(31, 96, 181, 1) 16%|rgba(17, 49, 137, 1) 59%|#03045e 100%&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229%22:%91%22background_color_gradient_stops%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;114deg&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;pa-inline-buttons&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;\/*place button modules next to each other in the same column*\/||.pa-inline-buttons .et_pb_button_module_wrapper {||    display: inline-block;||}&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; background_color=&#8221;rgba(17,17,94,0.28)&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; width=&#8221;60%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;4px||||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|16px|16px|16px|16px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229%22:%91%22border_color_all%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>\u0c9c\u0ca8\u0caa\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cbf\u0caf \u0ca8\u0cbe\u0caf\u0c95 \u2022 Legacy Tribute<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;60px&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;60px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229%22:%91%22header_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>The Voice of the Voiceless:<\/h3>\n<h1>Shri S. Bangarappa<\/h1>\n<p>Champion of the Backward Classes, Pioneer of Rural Welfare, and the 12th Chief Minister of Karnataka whose fearless socialist conviction reshaped our state&#8217;s destiny.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][ba_dual_button btn_a_text=&#8221;Read Biography&#8221; btn_b_text=&#8221;Welfare Achievements&#8221; button_gap=&#8221;15px&#8221; btn_a_radius=&#8221;on||||&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_btn_a=&#8221;on&#8221; btn_a_text_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; btn_a_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; btn_a_bg_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; btn_a_border_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; btn_a_border_radius=&#8221;11px&#8221; btn_a_icon=&#8221;&#x22;||divi||400&#8243; btn_a_on_hover=&#8221;off&#8221; btn_a_custom_padding=&#8221;11px|45px|10px|40px|false|false&#8221; custom_btn_b=&#8221;on&#8221; btn_b_text_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; btn_b_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; btn_b_bg_color=&#8221;gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229&#8243; btn_b_border_color=&#8221;gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229&#8243; btn_b_border_radius=&#8221;11px&#8221; btn_b_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; btn_b_custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; btn_b_custom_padding=&#8221;11px|30px|10px|30px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22btn_a_bg_color%22,%22btn_a_border_color%22%93,%22gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229%22:%91%22btn_b_bg_color%22,%22btn_b_border_color%22%93}&#8221;][\/ba_dual_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;fancy-border&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.fancy-border{||    position: relative;||    padding: 50px;||    border-radius: 24px;||    background: linear-gradient(||        135deg,||        rgba(25,170,237,0.08),||        rgba(3,4,94,0.12)||    );||}||||\/* Outer Border *\/||.fancy-border::before{||    content: %22%22;||    position: absolute;||    inset: 0;||    border: 1px solid rgba(25,170,237,0.18);||    border-radius: 24px;||    pointer-events: none;||}||||\/* Inner Border *\/||.fancy-border::after{||    content: %22%22;||    position: absolute;||    inset: 14px;||    border: 1px solid rgba(25,170,237,0.18);||    border-radius: 16px;||    pointer-events: none;||}&#8221; border_style_all=&#8221;groove&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Shri S. Bangarappa<\/em><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 18px; color: white;\">1932 \u2014 2011<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;data:image\/svg+xml;base64,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&#8221; 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width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;20px||20px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #03045e;\">\ud83d\udd17<\/span>A lifelong crusade for social justice begins with the father and lives on through the son. <span style=\"color: #03045e;\">The historic vision inspiring today\u2019s Education Guarantees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; 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_builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.custom-divider1{||    width: 60px;||    height: 5px;||    border-radius: 10px;||    background: #19AAED||}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-bottom:20px;\">The Roots of a Socialist<\/p>\n<h2>An Incorruptible Spirit of the Soil<\/h2>\n<div class=\"custom-divider1\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Rebel Beginnings&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf06d;||fa||900&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229%22:%91%22icon_color%22%93}&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Born in Kubatur, Soraba. Entered public service driven by deep socialist ideals shaped by Ram Manohar Lohia and Shantaveri Gopalagowda.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Cultural Maestro&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf7a6;||fa||900&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229%22:%91%22icon_color%22%93}&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>An artist at heart. A trained classical Hindustani musician and an avid sports lover, matching sharp political maneuvering with cultural grace.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Samaja Nyaya&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf0c0;||fa||900&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229%22:%91%22icon_color%22%93}&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Dedicated his political framework completely to structural &#8216;Social Justice&#8217;, breaking ancient structural monopolies for backward classes.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.custom-divider{||    width: 60px;||    height: 5px;||  margin:5px auto;||    border-radius: 10px;||    background: #19AAED||}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-bottom: 20px;\">The Journey\n<\/p>\n<h2>Milestones of a Statesman<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<div class=\"custom-divider\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ --- CONFIGURATION ---<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->var autoSlideTime = 5000; \/\/ 5 seconds<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->var slideInterval = null;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->var isHovering = false;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->var isInViewport = false;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ --- CONTROL LOGIC ---<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->function manageTimer() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ Only run the timer if:<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ 1. It is currently visible on screen (isInViewport)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ 2. The user is NOT hovering over it (!isHovering)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if (isInViewport && !isHovering) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        startTimer();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    } else {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        stopTimer();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->function startTimer() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ Prevent multiple timers<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if (slideInterval) return; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    slideInterval = setInterval(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        navArrow('next');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }, autoSlideTime);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->function stopTimer() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if (slideInterval) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        clearInterval(slideInterval);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        slideInterval = null;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ --- INITIALIZATION ---<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var wrapper = document.getElementById('congress-timeline-wrapper');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ 1. INTERSECTION OBSERVER (The Viewport Fix)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ This watches if the element is on screen or not<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var observer = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        entries.forEach(function(entry) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            isInViewport = entry.isIntersecting;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            manageTimer();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }, { threshold: 0.3 }); \/\/ Trigger when 30% of the timeline is visible<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if (wrapper) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        observer.observe(wrapper);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \/\/ 2. HOVER LISTENERS<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        wrapper.addEventListener('mouseenter', function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            isHovering = true;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            manageTimer();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        wrapper.addEventListener('mouseleave', function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            isHovering = false;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            manageTimer();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ --- NAVIGATION FUNCTIONS ---<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->function switchTimeline(year, element) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ Update Active Classes<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var navItems = document.querySelectorAll('.t-nav-item');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    navItems.forEach(item => item.classList.remove('active'));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    element.classList.add('active');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var cards = document.querySelectorAll('.t-content-card');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    cards.forEach(card => card.classList.remove('active'));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var target = document.getElementById('t-year-' + year);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if(target) target.classList.add('active');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ INTERNAL SCROLL ONLY<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ We calculate the position to center the item inside the gray bar<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ This DOES NOT affect the main window scroll<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var navContainer = document.getElementById('timelineNav');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if (navContainer) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        var scrollLeftPos = element.offsetLeft - (navContainer.clientWidth \/ 2) + (element.clientWidth \/ 2);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        navContainer.scrollTo({<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            left: scrollLeftPos,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            behavior: 'smooth'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->function navArrow(direction) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var items = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.t-nav-item'));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var activeIndex = items.findIndex(item => item.classList.contains('active'));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var newIndex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if (direction === 'next') {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        newIndex = activeIndex + 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        if (newIndex >= items.length) newIndex = 0; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    } else {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        newIndex = activeIndex - 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        if (newIndex < 0) newIndex = items.length - 1; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ Call function directly (No .click() to avoid focus jumping)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var targetItem = items[newIndex];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var targetYear = targetItem.getAttribute('data-year');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    switchTimeline(targetYear, targetItem);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* --- Scope variables to this timeline --- *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#congress-timeline-wrapper {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/* PALETTE *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    --c-saffron: #19aaed;   <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    --c-white: #FFFFFF;     <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    --c-green: #138808;     <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    --c-blue: #000080;      <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    --bg-light: #f9f9f9;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    --bg-left-panel: #eef6f9;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-family: 'Anek Kannada', Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-top: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-bottom: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#congress-timeline-wrapper * { box-sizing: border-box; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* --- Header Section --- *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.timeline-header {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    justify-content: flex-end;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    align-items: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-bottom: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-bottom: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.nav-arrows { display: flex; gap: 15px; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.nav-arrow {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #e67e55; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    cursor: pointer;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    user-select: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    transition: 0.3s;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 40px; height: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-radius: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.nav-arrow:hover { background-color: #ffeae0; transform: scale(1.1); }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* --- Navigation (Years) --- *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.timeline-nav-wrapper {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-bottom: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 0 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.timeline-nav {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/* Changed to start to allow scrolling of many items *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    justify-content: flex-start; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    gap: 0; \/* Gap handled by min-width of items *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    z-index: 2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    overflow-x: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-bottom: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.timeline-nav::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.timeline-nav { -ms-overflow-style: none; scrollbar-width: none; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-nav-item {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    cursor: pointer;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    min-width: 80px; \/* Fixed width for consistency across 15 items *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    opacity: 0.6;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    transition: all 0.3s ease;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    flex-direction: column;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    align-items: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    position: relative; \/* For the connector line *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Creating the line via CSS on items so it scrolls with them *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-nav-item::after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    content: '';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    top: 36px; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    left: 50%; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 100%; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    height: 2px; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: #eee; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    z-index: -1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-nav-item:last-child::after { display: none; \/* Hide line after last item *\/ }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-nav-item:hover, .t-nav-item.active { opacity: 1; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-nav-item .year {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 14px; \/* Slightly smaller to fit 15 items better *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #555;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-bottom: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-nav-item.active .year {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: var(--c-saffron);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-weight: 800;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    transform: scale(1.1);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-nav-item .dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 14px; height: 14px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: #ddd;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-radius: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border: 3px solid white;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    transition: all 0.3s ease;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    z-index: 2; \/* Sit on top of the line *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-nav-item.active .dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: var(--c-saffron);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    transform: scale(1.3);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-color: white;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* --- Content Area --- *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.content-display {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: var(--bg-light);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-top: 4px solid var(--c-saffron);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-content-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    animation: fadeIn 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.t-content-card.active { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Left Text Panel *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.card-left-panel {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    flex: 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: var(--bg-left-panel);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    flex-direction: column;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    justify-content: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-right: 1px solid #ddd;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    min-width: 250px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.left-panel-label {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    text-transform: uppercase;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: var(--c-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 13px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    letter-spacing: 1.5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-bottom: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.left-panel-stat {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 26px; \/* Adjusted size for balance *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-weight: medium;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #333;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    line-height: 1.3;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Right Content *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.card-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    flex: 1.5;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    flex-direction: column;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    justify-content: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.year-tag {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    position: absolute; top: -19px; right: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: var(--c-green); color: white;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 5px 20px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    z-index: 10;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.card-text h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: var(--c-saffron) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-bottom: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-top: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.card-text p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #333; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@keyframes fadeIn {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(15px); }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* --- Mobile --- *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 768px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    .t-content-card.active { flex-direction: column; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    .card-left-panel { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 30px; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    .card-text { padding: 30px; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    .year-tag { top: 0; right: 0; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div id=\"congress-timeline-wrapper\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-header\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"nav-arrows\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"nav-arrow\" onclick=\"navArrow('prev')\">\u2039<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"nav-arrow\" onclick=\"navArrow('next')\">\u203a<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-nav-wrapper\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-nav\" id=\"timelineNav\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->           <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->       <\/p>\n<div class=\"t-nav-item active\" data-year=\"1932\" onclick=\"switchTimeline('1932', this)\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"year\">1932<\/span><span class=\"dot\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"t-nav-item\" data-year=\"1967\" onclick=\"switchTimeline('1967', this)\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"year\">1967<\/span><span class=\"dot\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"t-nav-item\" data-year=\"1978\" onclick=\"switchTimeline('1978', this)\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"year\">1978<\/span><span class=\"dot\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"t-nav-item\" data-year=\"1990\" onclick=\"switchTimeline('1990', this)\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"year\">1990<\/span><span class=\"dot\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"t-nav-item\" data-year=\"1996\" onclick=\"switchTimeline('1996', this)\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <span class=\"year\">1996<\/span><span class=\"dot\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"content-display\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"t-content-card active\" id=\"t-year-1932\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-left-panel\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"left-panel-stat\">Born in Kubatur<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"year-tag\">1932<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Born into an Agrarian Family<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Born in Kubatur, Shimoga District, into an agrarian family. His early life experiences shaped his understanding of rural challenges and social inequalities.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"t-content-card\" id=\"t-year-1967\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-left-panel\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"left-panel-stat\">Entry into Legislative Assembly<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"year-tag\">1967<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>First Electoral Victory<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Elected from the Soraba constituency representing the Socialist Party, establishing himself as a powerful voice for the people and a dynamic public speaker.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"t-content-card\" id=\"t-year-1978\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-left-panel\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"left-panel-stat\">Minister for Public Works<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"year-tag\">1978<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Infrastructure Development<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Assumed charge of the Public Works Department and initiated major plans aimed at expanding and strengthening Karnataka\u2019s rural road network.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"t-content-card\" id=\"t-year-1990\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-left-panel\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"left-panel-stat\">12th Chief Minister of Karnataka<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"year-tag\">1990\u20131992<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>A Landmark Welfare Era<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Served as the 12th Chief Minister of Karnataka and introduced transformative welfare initiatives focused on housing, rural development, and economic security for underprivileged communities.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"t-content-card\" id=\"t-year-1996\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-left-panel\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"left-panel-stat\">Transition to National Politics<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"card-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"year-tag\">1996<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<h3>Member of Parliament<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Elected to the Lok Sabha from Shimoga, taking his advocacy for rural communities and social justice to the national stage.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->       <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->function switchTimeline(year, element) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var navItems = document.querySelectorAll('.t-nav-item');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    navItems.forEach(function(item) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        item.classList.remove('active');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    element.classList.add('active');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var cards = document.querySelectorAll('.t-content-card');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    cards.forEach(function(card) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        card.classList.remove('active');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    });<!-- 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_builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.custom-divider{||    width: 60px;||    height: 5px;||  margin:5px auto;||    border-radius: 10px;||    background: #19AAED||}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-bottom: 20px;\">Policy Overhauls<\/p>\n<h2>Monumental Welfare Benchmarks<\/h2>\n<div class=\"custom-divider\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; width=&#8221;60%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>A deep look into the structural, path-breaking state directives that altered the socio-economic fabric of rural Karnataka.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_3,2_3&#8243; border_width_left=&#8221;4px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22border_color_left%22%93}&#8221; border_color_left=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.08)&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;5px&#8221; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;12px&#8221; box_shadow_spread=&#8221;-7px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Ashraya Scheme&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe074;||divi||400&#8243; icon_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22body_text_color%22%93}&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; image_icon_width=&#8221;44px&#8221; image_icon_background_color=&#8221;rgba(173,216,237,0.89)&#8221; image_icon_custom_padding=&#8221;10px|10px|10px|10px|true|true&#8221; border_radii_image=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>(\u0c86\u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0caf \u0caf\u0ccb\u0c9c\u0ca8\u0cc6)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.1)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>The definitive rural housing security framework that systematically transferred land equity to the absolute last mile.<\/h3>\n<p>Prior to this intervention, hundreds of thousands of agricultural laborers and backward class communities lived in highly vulnerable, temporary thatched setups without legal land ownership. S. Bangarappa established a dedicated state-backed housing board to aggressively identify public lands, partition them into legal municipal plots, and build permanent, concrete structural shelters.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;||margin-right: 0;||margin-bottom: 20px;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Core Target<\/h3>\n<p>Landless rural households, SC\/ST families, and economically weaker sections.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Socio-Economic Impact<\/h3>\n<p>Provided inter-generational wealth stability, improved public health, and restored absolute social dignity.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_3,2_3&#8243; border_width_left=&#8221;4px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22border_color_left%22%93}&#8221; border_color_left=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.08)&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;5px&#8221; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;12px&#8221; box_shadow_spread=&#8221;-7px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Aradhana Scheme&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf530;||fa||900&#8243; icon_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22body_text_color%22%93}&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; image_icon_width=&#8221;44px&#8221; image_icon_background_color=&#8221;rgba(173,216,237,0.89)&#8221; image_icon_custom_padding=&#8221;10px|10px|10px|10px|true|true&#8221; border_radii_image=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>(\u0c86\u0cb0\u0cbe\u0ca7\u0ca8\u0cbe \u0caf\u0ccb\u0c9c\u0ca8\u0cc6)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.1)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Restoring cultural equity and structural dignity to historically marginalized neighborhoods.<\/h3>\n<p>Recognizing that historical deprivation extended deep into community spaces, the Aradhana Scheme allocated targeted state funding blueprints explicitly toward the repair, restoration, and new construction of community halls and places of worship in areas dominated by Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and minor backward class settlements. This program dismantled age-old spatial segregation lines by ensuring these neighborhoods possessed robust, dignified community infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;||margin-right: 0;||margin-bottom: 20px;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Core Target<\/h3>\n<p>Neglected rural clusters and historically marginalized localized community blocks.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Socio-Economic Impact<\/h3>\n<p>Fostered cultural inclusion, collective mobilization, and state-funded spatial equity.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_3,2_3&#8243; border_width_left=&#8221;4px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22border_color_left%22%93}&#8221; border_color_left=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.08)&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;5px&#8221; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;12px&#8221; box_shadow_spread=&#8221;-7px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Vishwa Scheme&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf7d9;||fa||900&#8243; icon_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22body_text_color%22%93}&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; image_icon_width=&#8221;44px&#8221; image_icon_background_color=&#8221;rgba(173,216,237,0.89)&#8221; image_icon_custom_padding=&#8221;10px|10px|10px|10px|true|true&#8221; border_radii_image=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>(\u0cb5\u0cbf\u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb5 \u0caf\u0ccb\u0c9c\u0ca8\u0cc6)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.1)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>A massive rural industrialization matrix built to liberate traditional artisans from exploitation.<\/h3>\n<p>The Vishwa Scheme was a pioneering macro-economic incubator framework targeted at rural weavers, blacksmiths, potters, and traditional craftsmen. Rather than providing mere seasonal subsidies, the policy integrated low-interest credit lines from state institutions, supplied modern technical equipment packages to upgrade productivity, and established reliable government procurement and market-linkage networks.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;||margin-right: 0;||margin-bottom: 20px;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Core Target<\/h3>\n<p>Rural cottage industries, traditional weavers, and multi-category village artisans.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Socio-Economic Impact<\/h3>\n<p>Prevented mass distress migration to urban centers and successfully modernized cottage industries.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_3,2_3&#8243; border_width_left=&#8221;4px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22border_color_left%22%93}&#8221; border_color_left=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.08)&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;5px&#8221; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;12px&#8221; box_shadow_spread=&#8221;-7px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Ganga Kalyana Scheme&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe005;||fa||900&#8243; icon_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22body_text_color%22%93}&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; image_icon_width=&#8221;44px&#8221; image_icon_background_color=&#8221;rgba(173,216,237,0.89)&#8221; image_icon_custom_padding=&#8221;10px|10px|10px|10px|true|true&#8221; border_radii_image=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>(\u0c97\u0c82\u0c97\u0cbe \u0c95\u0cb2\u0ccd\u0caf\u0cbe\u0ca3 \u0caf\u0ccb\u0c9c\u0ca8\u0cc6)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.1)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Democratizing water access to secure agricultural self-reliance.<br \/>\n<\/h3>\n<p>To break the dependency of small and marginal farmers on erratic monsoons and predatory private water sellers, S. Bangarappa introduced this landmark infrastructure layout. Under this scheme, the state entirely funded the drilling of open wells and deep borewells, installed heavy-duty irrigation pump sets, and laid down lift irrigation channels exclusively on fields owned by economically backward and minority agriculturalists.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;||margin-right: 0;||margin-bottom: 20px;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Core Target<\/h3>\n<p>Small, marginal, SC\/ST, and backward class farmers operating dry-land parcels.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Socio-Economic Impact<\/h3>\n<p>Transformed arid, single-crop fields into highly productive multi-crop agricultural zones.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_3,2_3&#8243; border_width_left=&#8221;4px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22border_color_left%22%93}&#8221; border_color_left=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.08)&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;5px&#8221; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;12px&#8221; box_shadow_spread=&#8221;-7px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Free Power Mandate&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf0e7;||fa||900&#8243; icon_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22body_text_color%22%93}&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; image_icon_width=&#8221;44px&#8221; image_icon_background_color=&#8221;rgba(173,216,237,0.89)&#8221; image_icon_custom_padding=&#8221;10px|20px|10px|20px|true|true&#8221; border_radii_image=&#8221;on|18px|18px|18px|18px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>(\u0c89\u0c9a\u0cbf\u0ca4 \u0cb5\u0cbf\u0ca6\u0ccd\u0caf\u0cc1\u0ca4\u0ccd \u0caf\u0ccb\u0c9c\u0ca8\u0cc6)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.1)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Insulating the rural agrarian economy from compound debt cycles.<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<p>In a bold move that set a major precedent across the nation, S. Bangarappa\u2019s administration authorized heavily subsidized and free electricity grids for agricultural irrigation pump sets up to 10 HP. By stripping away recurring power tariff bills from small-scale farming calculations, the state effectively reduced overhead operating costs and safeguarded millions of households from getting trapped in severe local credit loops during years of low rainfall.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;||margin-right: 0;||margin-bottom: 20px;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;||margin-right: 4%;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Core Target<\/h3>\n<p>Small and medium agrarian holdings utilizing irrigation machinery across the state.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;display: block;||width: 100%;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;display: inline-block;||width: 48%;||vertical-align: top;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Socio-Economic Impact<\/h3>\n<p>Stabilized food production metrics, protected farm incomes, and established energy access as a basic right.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.custom-divider{||    width: 60px;||    height: 5px;||  margin:5px auto;||    border-radius: 10px;||    background: #19AAED||}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-bottom: 20px;\">Generational Continuity\n<\/p>\n<h2>The Legacy Lives On<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<div class=\"custom-divider\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; width=&#8221;60%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;]Tracing how the foundational values of S. Bangarappa directly inform the modern governance frameworks executed by Madhu Bangarappa.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"divi-custom-table-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-row dct-header-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-cell dct-header-cell\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"dct-icon\">\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/span> S. BANGARAPPA\u2019S ORIGINAL PHILOSOPHY<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-cell dct-header-cell\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"dct-icon\">\u26a1<\/span> MADHU BANGARAPPA\u2019S CONTINUED ACTION<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-cell\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h3>Last-Mile Structural Welfare<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Believed true state sovereignty rests on providing concrete immediate necessities\u2014housing, safety assets, and regional cultural integration metrics to remote communities.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-cell dct-action-cell\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"dct-green-text\">Universal Educational Security Lines<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Extending robust state support networks via the <strong>8 School Guarantees<\/strong>, providing full nutrition blocks from pre-primary directly through to Class 12.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-cell\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h3>Empowering Rural Youth Identity<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Pioneered radical state support structures ensuring that children from interior socio-economic pockets possessed structural equivalence to urban elites.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-cell dct-action-cell\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"dct-green-text\">Upgraded Bilingual Public Institutions<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Establishing <strong>800 to 1,000 bilingual Karnataka Public Schools (KPS)<\/strong>, matching private schooling standards with free English-medium instruction tracks.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-cell\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h3>Technological Demarginalization<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Utilized targeted rural manufacturing initiatives like the Vishwa framework to deploy technical toolkits and industrial loops into traditional cottage networks.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"dct-cell dct-action-cell\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"dct-green-text\">Digital &#038; AI Access Guarantee<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee>Mandating structured computing curriculum blocks from Class 1 and operational baseline Artificial Intelligence (AI) conceptual modules starting from Class 3.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Scoped Styles to prevent Divi theme conflicts *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.divi-custom-table-container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    max-width: 1100px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-radius: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    overflow: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: #ffffff;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin: 20px auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-row {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-row:last-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-bottom: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-cell {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    flex: 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 25px 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 14px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    line-height: 1.6;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #555555;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Vertical separator line between columns *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-row:not(.dct-header-row) .dct-cell:first-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-right: 1px solid #f0f0f0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Header Styles with your color #19AAED *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-header-row {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: #19AAED !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-header-cell {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    letter-spacing: 0.5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 20px 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-header-row .dct-header-cell:first-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-right: 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    vertical-align: middle;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Inner Text Styles *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-cell h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #03045E !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin: 0 0 8px 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-cell p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #555555 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.dct-cell .dct-green-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    color: #03045E !important; 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theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-7a449e9a-ecec-470c-87b3-f96a34a36229&#8243;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; 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custom_padding=&#8221;10px|20px|10px|20px|true|true&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.09)&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|26px|26px|26px|26px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FkQuawiGWUw&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; image_src=&#8221;\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/FkQuawiGWUw\/hqdefault.jpg&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|22px|22px|22px|22px&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;26px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22header_4_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Archival Address<\/h4>\n<h3>Historic Swearing-In &amp; Policy Assembly<\/h3>\n<p>Rare assembly video footage recording the initial legislative declaration and deployment mandate for the pan-state Ashraya housing framework.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px|20px|10px|20px|true|true&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.09)&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|26px|26px|26px|26px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FkQuawiGWUw&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; image_src=&#8221;\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/FkQuawiGWUw\/hqdefault.jpg&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|22px|22px|22px|22px&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;26px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22header_4_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Cultural Dialogue<\/h4>\n<h3>Art, Hindustani Music &amp; Socialist Philosophy<\/h3>\n<p>A retrospective broadcast interview detailing his lifelong engagement with classical music strings and its intersection with grassroots mass activism.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-0d278933-930c-45f7-9c73-fdaf56583a65&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;.custom-divider{||    width: 60px;||    height: 5px;||  margin:5px auto;||    border-radius: 10px;||    background: #19AAED||}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-bottom: 20px;\">Living Testimonials\n<\/p>\n<h2>Stories of Impact Across Generations<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<div class=\"custom-divider\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text\/css\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/slick-carousel\/1.8.1\/slick.min.css\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text\/css\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/slick-carousel\/1.8.1\/slick-theme.min.css\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"custom-slider-wrapper\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"testimonial-slider\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"slider-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"custom-testimonial-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"quote-icon\">\u201c<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee class=\"testimonial-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8220;Bangarappa will be remembered for his unwavering commitment to backward classes and Karnataka\u2019s people. Beginning as a Congress MLA in 1967, he rose through dedication to become Minister, Chief Minister, and a distinguished Lok Sabha member respected widely for his lifelong public service.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"testimonial-footer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/darkorange-marten-320368.hostingersite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Dr-Manmohan-Singh.webp\" class=\"user-avatar\" alt=\"Manmohan Singh\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"user-info\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"user-name\">Manmohan Singh<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee class=\"user-role\">Former Prime Minister of India<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"slider-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"custom-testimonial-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"quote-icon\">\u201c<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee class=\"testimonial-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8220;The credit lines opened under the legacy Vishwa Scheme saved our ancestral cooperative looms when raw material supply constraints almost forced us out of business. S. Bangarappa did not just provide a temporary subsidy; he engineered a structural financial cushion that preserved our traditional identity.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"testimonial-footer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/via.placeholder.com\/150\" class=\"user-avatar\" alt=\"M. Devendrappa\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"user-info\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"user-name\">M. Devendrappa<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee class=\"user-role\">Traditional Handloom Artisan Leader, Ilkal<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"slider-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<div class=\"custom-testimonial-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"quote-icon\">\u201c<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee class=\"testimonial-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8220;The proactive governance model implemented during that era drastically lowered barrier entries for rural enterprise development, serving as a masterclass blueprint for modern sustainable community initiatives.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/p>\n<div class=\"testimonial-footer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/via.placeholder.com\/150\" class=\"user-avatar\" alt=\"S. Kumar\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/p>\n<div class=\"user-info\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"user-name\">S. Kumar<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <pee class=\"user-role\">Rural Development Analyst<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.custom-slider-wrapper {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 1200px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 20px 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Force the slick slider track to use Flexbox to equalize heights *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.testimonial-slider .slick-track {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: stretch;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Force each slide block to take up full available height *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.slider-item {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 15px; 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